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To reveal the processing mechanism of Chrysanthemi Flos from the changes of chemical compositions after frying and its effect on the efficacy of liver protection. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and ultra high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) were used for the qualitative and quantitative researches of chemical compositions before and after Chrysanthemi Flos frying. Progenesis QI and SPSS software were used for principal component analysis(PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), variable importance projection(VIP) analysis and t-test to identify the compositions with significant changes. Pharmacodynamics experiment was used to investigate the protective effect of crude and fried Chrysanthemi Flos on CCl_4-induced acute liver injury in mice. According to mass spectrometry data, there were 28 chemical compositions in crude and fried Chrysanthemi Flos, mainly including flavonoids and organic acids. 13 compositions such as luteolin, apigenin and luteolin glycoside were increased significantly after frying, while 7 compositions such as chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide were decreased significantly after frying. Through principal component analysis, crude and fried Chrysanthemi Flos products were divided into two categories, indicating that there were internal differences in quality. The results of liver injury protection experiment in mice showed that the AST, ALT and MDA contents were significantly decreased and SOD level was increased in mice with liver injury in both the high and medium dose groups. Histopathological examination showed that crude and fried Chrysanthemi Flos can protect the liver by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, reducing steatosis, and repairing damaged liver cells. The results of this study showed that the chemical compositions had obvious changes after frying, and both crude and fried Chrysanthemis Flos had protective effects on CCl_4-induced acute liver injury in mice. In addition, in the range of high, medium and low doses, the liver protection effect of crude and fried Chrysanthemi Flos increased with the increase of dose. The experiment results provided reference for the mechanism of fried Chrysanthemi Flos and clinical selection of processed products.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Chrysanthemum , Flavonoids , Flowers , Chemistry , Liver , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To analyze and identify the transitional constituents of combination Psoralea corylifolia-Myristica fragrans in vivo and in vitro, and further study the effect of this combination on transitional components. Methods A rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was established to rapidly analyze constituents of before and after combination P. corylifolia-M. fragrans after oral administration in rats, and combined with Peakview software analysis. Results Compared with in vitro extract of P. corylifolia, there are 15 prototypes absorbed into the blood. Compared with in vitro combination P. corylifolia-M. fragrans extract, 26 prototype components were absorbed into the blood. Compared with M. fragrans extract, six prototype components were absorbed into the blood. Conclusion By using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method, the main chemical constituents from the combination can be rapidly and accurately identified, and the results would facilitate the quality control of combination P. corylifolia-M. fragrans for safe and efficient use.
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AIM To observe the effect of Zishen Yutai Pills (Cuscutae Semen,Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Dipsaci Radix,etc.) on RAS,VEGF,VEGFR-2,sVEGFR-1 and MAPK in recurrent miscarriage mice,and to explore its mechanism.METHODS CBA/J female mice + DBA/2 male mice,and CBA/J female mice + BALB/c male mice were mated by 2 females and 1 male in cage to establish the RSA model and the normal pregnancy CBA × BALB/c mouse model respectively.Since the zeroth day of pregnancy,a total of 24 CBA/J × DBA/2 mice were randomly divided into model control group,Zishen Yutai Pills group and progesterone capsule group,and 10 CBA × BALB/c mice were used as normal pregnancy control group.Mice of all groups after the respective 15-day intervention had their rate of uterine embryo loss measured and calculated.Their pathological changes of decidual tissue were determined by HE staining,their RAS,VEGF,VEGFR-2,sVEGFR-1,MAPK protein and mRNA expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR.RESULTS Zishen Yutai Pills significantly reduced the rate of embryo loss and improved pathological changes of decidual tissue in RSA mice through regulating mouse decidual tissue angiogenesis and recasting,as revealed by the lowered levels of RAS,VEGF,VEGFR-2 and MAPK,and increased expression of sVEGFR-1.CONCLUSION Zishen Yutai Pills can lower the rate of embryo loss and improve decidual angiogenesis in RSA mice through altering the expression of RAS,VEGF,VEG-FR-2,sVEGFR-1 and MAPK.
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To conduct multiple-reaction monitoring(MRM) quantitative analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method(UPLC-MS/MS), determine the concentrations of psoralen, isopsoralen, bakuchiol and dehydrodiisoeugenol in plasma under positive iron mode with chloramghenicol as internal standard, and investigate the pharmacokinetics process of the main components before and after oral administration of drug pair Psoralea corylifolia -Myristica fragrants. Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into three group(A, B, C) and received P. corylifolia extract, P. corylifolia-M. fragrants extract, and M. fragrants extract respectively by intragastric administration. The plasma samples were collected at different time points. In the plasma samples, psoralen, isopsoralen, bakuchiol and dehydrodiisoeugenol showed good linear relationship within concentration rages of 0.098 125 to 39.25, 0.084 37 to 33.75, 0.046 875 to 18.75, and 0.11 to 2.2 mg•L⁻¹ respectively. The precision and stability results showed that the determination method of plasma concentration for such compositions was stable and reliable. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained by DAS 2.0 showed varying differences before and after compatibility. According to the experimental results, the compatibility of P. corylifolia and M. fragrants can significantly impact the pharmacokinetic process of main components, expand their distribution and accelerate their metabolism and elimination in vivo.
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To observe the effect of total saponins of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma (TSCR) on serum metabolic profile changes in adjuvant arthritis(AA) rats, and explore its possible action mechanism for AA rats. The AA rat models were induced by Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA), and their histopathological changes were observed. Gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed to analyze the metabolic profile among normal group, AA model group and TSCR group. Potential biomarkers in the serum were screened based on the variable importance projection(VIP) value>1, P<0.05. As compared with the normal group, 17 potential biomarkers such as aspartic acid, inositol and phenylacetaldehyde were found and identified in the serum of model group rats. As compared with the model group, the above biomarkers were regulated nearly to a normal state after TSCR administration for 16 days. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the total saponins of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma has a certain therapeutic effect for AA rats, and the mechanism may be related to regulation of lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism.
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The experiment's aim was to optimize the processing technology of Xanthii Fructus which through comparing the difference of UPLC fingerprint and contents of toxicity ingredient in water extract of 16 batches of processed sample. The determination condition of UPLC chromatographic and contents of toxicity ingredient were as follows. UPLC chromatographic: ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) eluted with the mobile phases of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acidwater in gradient mode, the flow rate was 0.25 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was set at 327 nm. Contents of toxicity ingredient: Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), mobile phase was methanol-0.01 mol x L(-1) sodium dihydrogen phosphate (35: 65), flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), and detection wavelength was 203 nm. The chromatographic fingerprints 16 batches of samples were analyzed in using the similarity evaluation system of chromatographic, fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine, SPSS16.0 and SIMCA13.0 software, respectively. The similarity degrees of the 16 batches samples were more than 0.97, all the samples were classified into four categories, and the PCA showed that the peak area of chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were significantly effect index in fingerprint of processed Xanthii Fructus sample. The outcome of determination showed that the toxicity ingredient contents of all samples reduced significantly after processing. This method can be used in optimizing the processing technology of Xanthii Fructus.
Subject(s)
Caffeic Acids , Toxicity , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Toxicity , Quinic Acid , Toxicity , Xanthium , Chemistry , ClassificationABSTRACT
This study was establish an UPLC fingerprint of Xanthii Fructus from different habitats, to provide a comprehensive evaluation for its quality control. UPLC-PDA was adopted to analysis of 26 baches of Xanthii Fructus from different habitats. The chromatographic condition was as follow: ACQUITY BEH C18 Column (2.1 mm x 100 mm,1.7 microm) eluted with the mobile phases of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid water in gradient mode. The flow rate was 0.25 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was set at 220 nm. The fingerprints of 26 batches Xanthii Fructus were carried out by similarity comparation, cluster and the principal component analysis (PCA). There were nineteen common peaks, nine of which had been identified, and the similarity degrees of the twenty-six batches of the samples were between 0.804 and 0.990. All the samples were classified into six categories, and the PCA value of each fingerprint peak was calculated, and six principal components accounted for over 81. 140% of the total variance were extracted from the original data This method can be used to assess the quality of Xanthii Fructus.